Validators

BESC Hyperchain has a two-layer validator system:

Layer 1: Consensus Relayers (IBFT nodes)

Four authorized consensus nodes (also called relayers) run Hyperledger Besu and participate in IBFT 2.0 block production. These are the nodes that actually propose and seal blocks. They are permissioned entities responsible for:

• Producing blocks every 3 seconds
• Collecting the 0.002 BESC block reward
• Forwarding rewards into the on-chain Validator Registry

These 4 nodes are the only entities that can produce blocks. They cannot be joined by arbitrary participants — they are managed via the IBFT governance process.

Layer 2: Registry Validators (economic layer)

The Validator Registry (0x76bF888EB22f6d11AD8C2348847062db746647E0) is a smart contract where any approved entity can participate in the validator economy by self-staking BESC. Currently 28+ validators are registered.

Registry validators:

• Self-stake a minimum of 10,000 BESC
• Pass a governance approval vote from existing validators
• Pay a subscription fee of 40 BUSDC per 30 days to remain active
• Optionally accept delegated stake from other BESC holders
• Earn a proportional share of block rewards forwarded by the relayers
• Set a commission rate (0–25%) earned on delegator rewards

How Rewards Flow

IBFT Block Produced (every 3s)
        │
        ▼ 0.002 BESC block reward
Relayer node calls forwardReward() on registry
        │
        ▼
Registry distributes proportionally to all active validators
   based on their total stake (self-stake + delegated stake)
        │
        ├─► Validator keeps commission % of delegator rewards
        └─► Delegators earn proportional to their stake

Current State

Metric	Value
Active Validators	28+
Total Staked	~490,000 BESC
Minimum Self-Stake	10,000 BESC
Maximum Total Stake	20,000 BESC per validator
Subscription Fee	40 BUSDC / 30 days
Maximum Commission	25%

See Becoming a Validator → to apply.